Why do golf balls have dimples?

Golf balls have dimples to improve their aerodynamic properties and maximize performance in the air. Without dimples, a golf ball would fly much worse, travel a shorter distance, and offer less control.

When a golf ball is hit, it is affected by air resistance and lift. The dimples create a thin, turbulent layer of air around the ball, which reduces drag and increases lift. This allows the ball to fly farther and more stably.

Reduced drag: The dimples reduce the friction between the ball and the air, which allows the ball to travel farther.

Increased lift: The dimples help generate lift (similar to the principle behind airplane wings) by creating pressure differences between the top and bottom of the ball. This helps the ball stay in the air longer.

A completely smooth golf ball would have a short and unpredictable flight because the air would "stick" behind the ball and create more drag. The dimples break up the airflow and give the ball better stability and control. A smooth ball would travel only about half as far as a ball with dimples.